A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a type of integrated circuit that can be configured by the user after manufacturing. This flexibility allows engineers to design custom hardware for specific applications, making FPGAs popular in various fields such as telecommunications, automotive, and consumer electronics. FPGAs consist of an array of programmable logic blocks and interconnects, enabling users to create complex digital circuits. Unlike traditional chips, which are fixed in function, FPGAs can be reprogrammed multiple times, allowing for updates and optimizations without needing new hardware.