Field theory is a framework in physics and mathematics that studies how physical quantities are distributed in space and time. It describes how fields, such as electromagnetic fields or gravitational fields, interact with matter. These fields can be visualized as a set of values assigned to every point in space, allowing scientists to understand complex phenomena like forces and energy. In addition to physics, field theory is also used in social sciences, where it examines how social structures and relationships influence individual behavior. This approach helps researchers understand dynamics within groups and communities, similar to how physical fields affect particles in quantum mechanics.