Fiber-optic networks use thin strands of glass or plastic, known as fiber optics, to transmit data as light signals. This technology allows for high-speed internet and communication services, making it faster and more efficient than traditional copper cables. The light signals can travel long distances with minimal loss of quality, which is essential for modern telecommunications. These networks consist of various components, including fiber cables, transmitters, and receivers. The transmitters convert electrical signals into light, while the receivers convert the light back into electrical signals. This system supports a wide range of applications, from internet browsing to video streaming and teleconferencing.