Federal subjects are the individual entities that make up a federal state, such as a country. In countries like Russia, federal subjects can include regions, republics, territories, and cities of federal significance. Each federal subject has its own government and certain powers, allowing them to manage local affairs while still being part of the larger national framework. The number and type of federal subjects can vary from one country to another. For example, Germany has 16 federal states, while the United States consists of 50 states. These entities work together with the national government to ensure governance and representation at both local and national levels.