Federal jurisdictions refer to the authority of federal courts to hear and decide cases that involve federal laws, the U.S. Constitution, or disputes between states. This jurisdiction is established by the U.S. Constitution and allows federal courts to address issues that have national significance or require uniform interpretation across the country. In addition to federal laws, federal jurisdictions also cover cases involving citizens from different states, known as diversity jurisdiction. This ensures that legal disputes between parties from different states are resolved in a neutral federal court, rather than in a potentially biased state court.