Factoring techniques are methods used to break down mathematical expressions, particularly polynomials, into simpler components called factors. This process helps in solving equations, simplifying expressions, and finding roots. Common techniques include greatest common factor (GCF), difference of squares, and trinomials. One popular method is the GCF, which involves identifying the largest factor shared by all terms in an expression. Another technique is recognizing patterns, such as the difference of squares, which states that a^2 - b^2 can be factored into (a + b)(a - b). These techniques are essential in algebra and higher-level mathematics.