Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that forms in the lining of the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This cancer typically arises from cells that have undergone changes due to chronic irritation, often linked to conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Risk factors for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma include obesity, smoking, and a history of Barrett's esophagus, a condition where the esophageal lining is damaged by acid reflux. Early detection is crucial, as symptoms may not appear until the cancer is advanced, making treatment more challenging.