The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Often referred to as the "second brain," it operates independently but also communicates with the central nervous system. The ENS controls various digestive processes, including peristalsis, enzyme secretion, and blood flow to the intestines. Composed of two main plexuses, the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexus, the ENS regulates gut motility and local intestinal functions. It contains millions of neurons, similar to the spinal cord, and plays a crucial role in maintaining gut health and responding to changes in the digestive environment.