Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts and pancreas. It combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to visualize these areas. A flexible tube with a camera, called an endoscope, is inserted through the mouth and into the digestive tract, allowing doctors to see the bile and pancreatic ducts. During ERCP, a contrast dye is injected into the ducts to make them visible on X-ray images. This helps identify blockages, stones, or other issues. If necessary, therapeutic procedures, such as stone removal or stent placement, can be performed during the same session.