Endemic typhus is a disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia typhi, which is typically transmitted to humans through fleas that infest rats. It is most common in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowding, where rats and their fleas thrive. Symptoms include fever, headache, and rash, usually appearing one to two weeks after exposure. The disease is generally mild and can be treated effectively with antibiotics. Preventive measures focus on controlling rat populations and improving hygiene conditions. While endemic typhus is less severe than other forms of typhus, it can still pose health risks, especially for vulnerable populations.