End cities are suburban areas that developed as secondary business districts outside of major urban centers. They typically feature a mix of office spaces, retail shops, and residential neighborhoods, providing a self-sufficient environment for residents and workers. These areas often emerge due to urban sprawl and the desire for more space and amenities away from crowded city centers. The term "end city" was popularized by urban planner Edward Glaeser in his book, highlighting how these regions can offer a high quality of life. They often have good transportation links, making them accessible while still maintaining a distinct identity separate from the main city.