An encoder is a device or software that converts information from one format to another. This process is essential in various fields, such as telecommunications and data storage, where it helps to compress or encrypt data for efficient transmission or security. For example, audio encoders transform sound waves into digital files, making it easier to store and share music. In the context of computer science, encoders are often used in machine learning and artificial intelligence. They help to convert categorical data into numerical values, allowing algorithms to process and analyze the information effectively. This is crucial for tasks like image recognition and natural language processing, where systems need to understand complex data formats.