Emulsion polymerization is a process used to create polymers, which are large molecules made up of repeating units. In this method, monomers are dispersed in water with the help of surfactants, forming tiny droplets. A free radical initiator is added, which starts the reaction, allowing the monomers to link together and form a polymer. This technique is commonly used to produce materials like latex paints and rubber. Emulsion polymerization offers advantages such as lower energy consumption and the ability to control the size and properties of the resulting polymer particles, making it a popular choice in industrial applications.