Empirical evidence refers to information acquired through observation or experimentation. It is based on real-world data rather than theory or speculation. This type of evidence is crucial in fields like science, medicine, and social research, where conclusions must be supported by measurable and observable facts. Researchers collect empirical evidence using various methods, such as surveys, experiments, and case studies. This evidence helps validate or refute hypotheses, ensuring that findings are grounded in reality. By relying on empirical evidence, scholars and practitioners can make informed decisions and develop effective solutions to problems.