Emergence refers to the process by which complex systems and patterns arise from relatively simple rules or interactions. This phenomenon can be observed in various fields, such as biology, where the behavior of a flock of birds or a school of fish emerges from individual actions rather than a central leader. In physics, emergence can describe how properties of matter, like temperature or pressure, arise from the collective behavior of many particles. Similarly, in computer science, simple algorithms can lead to complex behaviors in artificial intelligence systems, showcasing how intricate outcomes can develop from basic components.