Electric resistance heating is a process that converts electrical energy into heat through the resistance of a material. When an electric current passes through a conductor, such as a metal wire, the resistance causes the material to heat up. This heat can then be used to warm spaces or heat water. Common applications of electric resistance heating include electric heaters, toaster ovens, and water heaters. These devices typically use coils or heating elements made of materials like nichrome, which efficiently generate heat when electricity flows through them. This method is straightforward and widely used for residential and commercial heating needs.