Elective courses are classes that students can choose to take based on their interests, rather than being required to take them for their degree. These courses allow students to explore different subjects, such as art, music, or computer science, and can help them develop new skills or hobbies. In many educational systems, elective courses are offered alongside core classes, which are mandatory for graduation. By selecting electives, students can personalize their education and gain a broader understanding of various fields, enhancing their overall learning experience and potentially guiding their future career choices.