Ekoloji, or ecology, is the scientific study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment. It examines the relationships between plants, animals, and microorganisms, as well as the physical surroundings they inhabit. This field helps us understand ecosystems, which are communities of living things and their non-living components, such as air, water, and soil. Ecologists study various levels of organization, from individual organisms to populations, communities, and entire ecosystems. They investigate how factors like climate, geography, and human activity influence biodiversity and the health of ecosystems. Understanding ekoloji is crucial for addressing environmental issues and promoting sustainable practices.