The eighth cranial nerve, also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve, is responsible for transmitting sound and balance information from the inner ear to the brain. It has two main components: the cochlear nerve, which carries auditory signals, and the vestibular nerve, which helps maintain balance and spatial orientation. This nerve plays a crucial role in hearing and equilibrium. Damage to the eighth cranial nerve can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, or balance disorders. It is essential for everyday activities, allowing individuals to perceive sounds and maintain stability while moving.