Educational reform refers to changes and improvements made to the education system to enhance learning outcomes and address various challenges. This can include updating curricula, improving teaching methods, and increasing access to quality education for all students. The goal is to create a more effective and equitable educational environment. Reforms can be driven by various factors, such as advancements in technology, shifts in societal needs, or the desire to close achievement gaps among different groups of students. Policymakers, educators, and community members often collaborate to implement these changes, ensuring that the education system meets the needs of today's learners.