A "dwarf" is a term used to describe a person who has a medical condition known as dwarfism, which results in shorter stature than average. This condition can be caused by various genetic factors and typically results in an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 cm) or shorter. Dwarfism can affect physical development and may come with other health issues, but many individuals lead full and active lives. In mythology and fantasy literature, such as in J.R.R. Tolkien's works, dwarfs are often depicted as short, stout beings known for their skills in mining and metalwork. They are commonly portrayed as strong and resilient, living in mountainous regions and forming close-knit communities. These fictional representations have contributed to the cultural perception of dwarfs in various media.