The dorsal horn is a region located in the spinal cord, specifically in the gray matter of the posterior part. It plays a crucial role in processing sensory information, particularly pain and temperature signals, which are transmitted from the body to the brain. Within the dorsal horn, sensory neurons receive input from peripheral nerves and relay this information to higher brain centers for interpretation. This area is essential for the body's ability to respond to environmental stimuli, making it a key component of the nervous system's functioning.