A "doctoral" degree is the highest level of academic achievement in a specific field of study. It typically requires several years of advanced coursework, research, and the completion of a dissertation, which is an original contribution to knowledge. Individuals who earn a doctoral degree are often referred to as "doctors" and may pursue careers in academia, research, or specialized professional fields. The most common type of doctoral degree is the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), but there are other types, such as the Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) and the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). Earning a doctoral degree can open up opportunities for leadership positions and advanced expertise in various disciplines.