Diffusion models are a class of statistical models used to describe how information, behaviors, or innovations spread through a population over time. They help researchers understand the dynamics of adoption and the factors influencing the rate at which new ideas or products gain popularity. These models often incorporate elements like social influence and individual decision-making processes. By analyzing patterns of diffusion, researchers can predict future trends and identify key influencers within a network, making them valuable tools in fields such as marketing, sociology, and epidemiology.