Dielectric coatings are thin layers of insulating material applied to surfaces to control electrical properties. These coatings are often made from materials like silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide and are used in various applications, including electronics and optics. They help prevent electrical discharge and improve the performance of devices by reducing interference. In optics, dielectric coatings enhance the transmission and reflection of light. They are commonly used on lenses and mirrors to create anti-reflective surfaces or to selectively reflect certain wavelengths. This technology is crucial in devices like lasers and photovoltaic cells, where precise light management is essential for efficiency.