Database normalization is a process used in database design to organize data efficiently. It involves structuring a database in a way that reduces redundancy and dependency by dividing large tables into smaller, related ones. This helps ensure that each piece of data is stored only once, making it easier to maintain and update. The main goal of normalization is to eliminate anomalies during data operations like insertion, deletion, and updating. By following specific rules, known as normal forms, databases can achieve a more streamlined structure, improving data integrity and overall performance.