Data redundancy refers to the unnecessary duplication of data within a database or storage system. This can occur when the same piece of information is stored in multiple places, leading to inefficiencies and increased storage costs. Redundant data can also complicate data management and increase the risk of inconsistencies, as updates may not be applied uniformly across all copies. To mitigate data redundancy, organizations often use normalization techniques in database design. Normalization helps to organize data efficiently by reducing duplication and ensuring that each piece of information is stored in only one place. This practice enhances data integrity and simplifies data maintenance, making it easier to manage and retrieve information.