Damping-off is a common plant disease that affects seedlings, causing them to rot and die before they can grow. It is primarily caused by soil-borne fungi, such as Pythium and Rhizoctonia, which thrive in damp, poorly drained conditions. The disease typically occurs in nurseries and greenhouses, where overcrowding and high humidity create an ideal environment for these pathogens. Symptoms of damping-off include wilting, yellowing, and a dark, water-soaked appearance at the base of the stem. Infected seedlings may collapse and fall over, making it difficult for gardeners to establish healthy plants. To prevent damping-off, it is essential to provide good air circulation, avoid overwatering, and use sterile soil when starting seeds.