cyclic AMP
Cyclic AMP, or cAMP, is a molecule that plays a crucial role in cellular signaling. It acts as a secondary messenger, helping to transmit signals from hormones and other substances outside the cell to the inside. This process is essential for regulating various physiological functions, including metabolism, cell growth, and gene expression.
cAMP is produced from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) by the enzyme adenylate cyclase when stimulated by certain hormones, such as epinephrine. Once formed, cAMP activates protein kinases, which then trigger specific cellular responses. The breakdown of cAMP is facilitated by the enzyme phosphodiesterase, ensuring that the signaling process is tightly regulated.