The cranium is the part of the skull that encases and protects the brain. It is made up of several bones that are fused together, forming a rigid structure. The cranium also provides attachment points for the muscles of the head and neck, playing a crucial role in supporting the face. In humans, the cranium consists of eight bones: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. These bones work together to create a protective barrier for the brain while allowing for the passage of nerves and blood vessels. The cranium is essential for overall head structure and function.