Coordinate geometry, also known as analytic geometry, is a branch of mathematics that uses a coordinate system to describe geometric shapes and their properties. It combines algebra and geometry, allowing us to represent points, lines, and curves on a plane using pairs of numbers called coordinates. The most common system is the Cartesian coordinate system, where each point is defined by an x (horizontal) and y (vertical) value. In coordinate geometry, we can calculate distances, slopes, and areas using formulas. For example, the distance between two points can be found using the distance formula, while the slope of a line indicates its steepness. This field is essential in various applications, including computer graphics, engineering, and physics.