Converter stations are facilities that convert electrical energy from one form to another, typically from alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) or vice versa. This conversion is essential for long-distance transmission of electricity, as DC can travel longer distances with less energy loss compared to AC. These stations are crucial in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, which are increasingly used to connect renewable energy sources, like wind farms and solar power plants, to the electrical grid. By efficiently managing the flow of electricity, converter stations help ensure a stable and reliable power supply.