Congenital syphilis is a serious infection that occurs when a pregnant person passes the syphilis bacteria, known as Treponema pallidum, to their baby during pregnancy or childbirth. This can lead to severe health issues for the newborn, including low birth weight, premature birth, and various developmental problems. Symptoms of congenital syphilis can appear at birth or develop later. Common signs include skin rashes, fever, and irritability. Early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antibiotics, such as penicillin, are crucial to prevent long-term complications and ensure the health of the baby.