Conformational isomerism refers to the different spatial arrangements of atoms in a molecule that can occur due to rotation around single bonds. These arrangements, known as conformers or rotamers, can have distinct shapes and properties, even though they share the same molecular formula and connectivity. The most common example of conformational isomerism is seen in alkanes, where the rotation around the carbon-carbon bonds leads to various conformations, such as staggered and eclipsed forms. These conformations can influence the physical and chemical properties of the molecule, including its stability and reactivity.