Computer programming languages are formal languages used to communicate instructions to a computer. They consist of a set of rules and syntax that allow programmers to write code, which the computer can then execute. Examples of popular programming languages include Python, Java, and C++. These languages enable developers to create software applications, websites, and systems that perform specific tasks. Each language has its own strengths and weaknesses, making some more suitable for certain projects than others. Understanding different programming languages is essential for anyone looking to work in the field of software development.