Common shares represent ownership in a company and are a type of equity security. When individuals purchase common shares, they gain a claim on the company's assets and earnings. Shareholders may receive dividends, which are payments made from the company's profits, although these are not guaranteed. Investing in common shares also gives shareholders voting rights, allowing them to participate in important company decisions, such as electing the board of directors. The value of common shares can fluctuate based on the company's performance and market conditions, making them a popular choice for investors looking to grow their wealth over time.