The common carotid artery is a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the head and neck. It branches off from the aorta and travels upward on each side of the neck. Each common carotid artery divides into two branches: the internal carotid artery, which supplies blood to the brain, and the external carotid artery, which supplies blood to the face and neck. The common carotid artery is important for maintaining proper blood flow to vital areas. Medical professionals often monitor this artery for signs of blockages or other issues, as problems here can lead to serious conditions such as stroke or transient ischemic attacks.