Collective consciousness refers to the set of shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes that operate as a unifying force within a society. This concept suggests that individuals in a group can have a common understanding or awareness that shapes their behaviors and perceptions. It plays a crucial role in forming social norms and cultural values. The term was popularized by sociologist Émile Durkheim, who argued that collective consciousness is essential for social cohesion. It influences how communities respond to events and challenges, fostering a sense of belonging and identity among members.