Cognitive radio is a smart communication technology that allows devices to automatically detect available channels in a wireless spectrum. It can adjust its transmission parameters to use these channels efficiently, reducing interference and improving overall communication quality. This adaptability helps optimize the use of limited radio frequency resources. The main goal of cognitive radio is to enhance spectrum utilization, especially in crowded environments. By using techniques like spectrum sensing and dynamic frequency selection, cognitive radios can identify unused frequencies, enabling more devices to connect without disrupting existing communications. This technology is particularly beneficial for mobile networks and wireless communication systems.