Church reform refers to efforts aimed at improving or changing practices and beliefs within a religious institution, particularly the Christian Church. These reforms often arise in response to perceived corruption, moral decline, or a need for modernization. Historical examples include the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, which sought to address issues like the sale of indulgences and the authority of the Pope. Reform movements can lead to significant changes in doctrine, governance, and worship practices. They may result in the formation of new denominations or sects, as seen with the emergence of Lutheranism and Calvinism. Overall, church reform aims to align religious practices with the core values and beliefs of the faith.