The chest cavity, also known as the thoracic cavity, is the space in the body that houses vital organs such as the heart and lungs. It is surrounded by the rib cage, which provides protection and support. The chest cavity plays a crucial role in breathing, as it expands and contracts to allow air to flow in and out of the lungs. Inside the chest cavity, the mediastinum is a central area that contains the heart, major blood vessels, and other structures. The chest cavity is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm, a muscle that helps with respiration. Understanding the chest cavity is essential for studying human anatomy and health.