Chaturanga is an ancient Indian board game that is considered a precursor to modern chess. It originated around the 6th century and was played on an 8x8 grid, similar to a chessboard. The game involved four types of military units: infantry, cavalry, elephants, and chariots, each with unique movements and strategies. The name "chaturanga" translates to "four divisions of the military," reflecting its strategic nature. Over time, it spread to Persia, where it evolved into shah (the Persian word for king) and eventually influenced the development of chess in Europe.