Cerumen, commonly known as earwax, is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear canal. It serves several important functions, including protecting the ear from dust, debris, and microorganisms. Cerumen also helps to lubricate the ear canal, preventing dryness and irritation. The composition of cerumen varies among individuals, but it typically contains a mixture of secretions, dead skin cells, and other particles. While cerumen is beneficial in moderation, excessive buildup can lead to blockages, discomfort, or hearing loss, necessitating removal by a healthcare professional if needed.