Catabolic pathways are metabolic processes that break down larger molecules into smaller units, releasing energy in the process. These pathways are essential for providing the energy needed for various cellular activities. Common examples include the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into simpler molecules like glucose and fatty acids. During catabolism, energy stored in chemical bonds is released and can be captured in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which cells use for energy. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular functions and supporting activities such as growth, repair, and movement in living organisms.