Calorimetry is the science of measuring the heat transfer associated with chemical reactions or physical changes. It helps scientists understand energy changes in various processes, such as combustion or phase transitions. The device used for these measurements is called a calorimeter, which can be designed for different types of experiments. In calorimetry, the heat absorbed or released by a substance is measured, allowing researchers to calculate its specific heat capacity or enthalpy changes. This information is crucial in fields like thermodynamics, chemistry, and biochemistry, where understanding energy changes is essential for studying reactions and processes.