Brake pads are essential components of a vehicle's braking system. They are made of friction material and are located inside the brake caliper, which presses them against the brake rotor to slow down or stop the vehicle. When the driver presses the brake pedal, hydraulic pressure forces the caliper to squeeze the pads against the rotor, creating friction. Over time, brake pads wear down due to this friction and need to be replaced to ensure safe braking performance. Regular inspection and maintenance of brake pads are crucial for vehicle safety, as worn pads can lead to longer stopping distances and potential brake failure.