Boundary value problems are mathematical problems where we seek to find a function that satisfies a differential equation along with specific conditions, known as boundary conditions, at the edges of the domain. These problems are common in various fields, including physics and engineering, where they help model systems like heat conduction or fluid flow. In a boundary value problem, the solution must meet the given conditions at the boundaries, which can be points or surfaces. This contrasts with initial value problems, where conditions are specified at the starting point. Solving these problems often involves techniques from calculus, numerical analysis, and functional analysis.