A biological parent is an individual who contributes genetic material to a child, typically through the processes of conception and birth. This includes both the mother, who provides the egg, and the father, who provides the sperm. Biological parents are often responsible for the initial stages of a child's development and may have a direct influence on their physical traits and health. In many cases, biological parents are also involved in the child's upbringing, although this is not always the case. Some children may be raised by adoptive parents or guardians, while still having biological parents who may or may not be part of their lives.