Benthic invertebrates are animals without a backbone that live on or near the bottom of aquatic environments, such as oceans, rivers, and lakes. They include a variety of species, such as crabs, snails, worms, and insects. These organisms play a crucial role in the ecosystem by breaking down organic matter and serving as food for larger animals. These invertebrates are often used as indicators of environmental health. Their presence and diversity can reveal information about water quality and habitat conditions. Scientists study benthic invertebrates to monitor changes in ecosystems and assess the impact of pollution and other human activities.