Battery technology refers to the methods and materials used to store and release electrical energy. Batteries consist of one or more electrochemical cells that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through reactions between the materials inside. Common types of batteries include lithium-ion, nickel-metal hydride, and lead-acid, each with unique characteristics suited for different applications, from powering smartphones to electric vehicles. Advancements in battery technology focus on improving energy density, charging speed, and lifespan while reducing costs and environmental impact. Research is ongoing into new materials, such as solid-state batteries and graphene, which promise to enhance performance and safety, making batteries more efficient for everyday use.